Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels were determined using Spectrum® (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). Liver tissue samples were fixed using 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), embedded in paraffin blocks, and stained for histological assessment. Masson’s trichrome stained liver sections were assessed by a liver pathologist in a blind manner. Fibrosis extent was graded as 0, absent; 1, enlarged, fibrotic portal areas; 2, periportal or portal-portal septa but intact architecture; 3, fibrosis with architectural distortion but no obvious cirrhosis; and 4, probable or definite cirrhosis.