cAd-MSCs and TK-cAd-MSCs exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation using 70 Ti rotor in an Optima LE-80K ultracentrifuge (Beckman Coulter) and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Morgagni 268D electron microscope, Philips), Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern-Instruments), western-blot detection, and proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry were also carried out, as previously described [22 (link)]. Exosome quantification was performed using a Bicinchoninic acid kit (BCA; Thermo-Scientific).
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