Antimicrobial Resistance in L. garvieae

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for penicillin (β-lactams), cephalexin (β-lactams), ampicillin (β-lactams), ceftiofur (β-lactams), cefquinome (β-lactams), lincomycin (lincosamide class), oxytetracycline (Tetracycline class), marbofloxacin (Quinolone class), rifaximin (Rifamycin class), and vancomycin (Glycopeptides class) (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) were determined against 49 L. garvieae isolates using micro-broth dilution assays, following the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute guidelines [42 ]. All antimicrobial agents were used in concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 16μg/mL. S. aureus ATCC 29,213 was used as a quality control strain. Antimicrobial resistance was defined by combining intermediate and resistant categories into a single category. MDR was defined as resistance to ≥3 classes of antimicrobial agents [2 (link)]. Each experiment was performed in triplicate.