Lectins' Effects on Viral Replication

The viral titers were determined by TCID₅₀ assay as previously described [29 (link),30 (link)]. Cell lines (Hep-3B, Huh7, and PLC/PRF/5) were infected with viruses at 5 MOI for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h. To study how lectins affect viral replication through signaling pathways, some activators or inhibitors (Selleck Chemicals LLC, Houston, TX, USA) were administered, and the drug was used 1 h prior to infection. Agents used in Hep-3B cells were AICAR (400 μmol/L), Sorafenib (3 μmol/L), U0126 (10 μmol/L), SP600125 (5 μmol/L), XMU-MP-1 (2 μmol/L), KY12420 (4.5 μmol/L), Capsaicin (100 μmol/L), and EPI-001 (100 μmol/L). The agents used in Huh7 cells were AICAR (400 μmol/L), Sorafenib (10 μmol/L), U0126 (10 μmol/L), SP600125 (5 μmol/L), XMU-MP-1 (2 μmol/L), KY12420 (4.5 μmol/L), Capsaicin (250 μmol/L), and EPI-001 (100 μmol/L). The agents used in PLC/PRF/5 cell lines were AICAR (400 μmol/L), Sorafenib (10 μmol/L), U0126 (10 μmol/L), SP600125 (5 μmol/L), XMU-MP-1 (2 μmol/L), KY12420 (4.5 μmol/L), Capsaicin (100 μmol/L), and EPI-001 (100 μmol/L).