Immunohistochemical staining for PD-L1 expression was performed using 22C3 pharmDx assay (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, US) and the Automated Link 48 Platform (Dako, Carpinteria, CA, US) in formalin-fixed tumor samples obtained by surgical resection or small biopsy (percutaneous needle biopsy, bronchoscopic mucosal biopsy, or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy) before commencement of first-line TKI treatment. Neoplastic cells were considered positive in the presence of cell membrane staining. PD-L1 expression was determined using the tumor proportion score (TPS), which is defined as the percentage of viable tumor cells showing partial or complete membrane staining. Based on PD-L1 expression, the tumors were categorized into three groups (< 1%, 1–49%, and ≥50%), according to the TPS by counting at least 100 viable cells.21 (link)
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PD-L1 Expression Evaluation Protocol
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Corresponding Organization : Kyung Hee University
Other organizations : Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- PD-L1 expression determined using the tumor proportion score (TPS)
- Percentage of viable tumor cells showing partial or complete membrane staining
- Formalin-fixed tumor samples obtained by surgical resection or small biopsy (percutaneous needle biopsy, bronchoscopic mucosal biopsy, or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy) before commencement of first-line TKI treatment
- No positive or negative controls were explicitly mentioned in the provided information.
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