Fe2+ chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, 372,870) was dissolved in water to a final concentration of 10 μM. The tested compounds were added to 1 ml of Fe2+ chloride solution with a final concentration of 40 μM and incubated at room temperature for 10 min. Next, FerroZine Iron Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, 160,601) was added with a final concentration of 20 μM and incubated at room temperature for 1 h [67 (link)]. The absorbance at 562 nm was measured using a microplate reader (Thermo Scientific, Varioskan Flash). Results were normalized to DMSO control group (DMSO vehicle; set as 100%).