Each patient provided a peripheral venous blood sample (5 mL) during the first 24 hours after admission to the ER. Sera were isolated, frozen, and stored at −80 °C until use. Serum HMGB1 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Yanhui Biotech, Shanghai, China).
Baseline hematological and laboratory parameters, including white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, hemoglobin, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, serum amylase, troponin I (cTnI), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) were measured using a Hitachi 7600 Clinical Analyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), Sysmex CA-7000 System (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), and Sysmex XE-5000 (Sysmex)8 (link), according to standard protocols.
Baseline hematological and laboratory parameters, including white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts, hemoglobin, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, serum amylase, troponin I (cTnI), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) were measured using a Hitachi 7600 Clinical Analyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), Sysmex CA-7000 System (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), and Sysmex XE-5000 (Sysmex)8 (link), according to standard protocols.
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