To assess gene expression in mouse colons, total RNA was isolated by pestle homogenization of 2 cm of tissue in TRIzol according manufacturer’s instruction. In rIEC6 cells, total RNA was isolated after treatment with 1 μg/mL LPS (Sigma) for the indicated times. The iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad, 170-8891) was used to synthesize cDNAs, in which gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR using the indicated primers (Table S2) and the SensiFAST kit (Bioline, Bio-96020) as described previously59 (link). The data is presented as relative expression (2−ΔΔCt) with β-actin serving to normalize expression values.
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