Total RNA was extracted with RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology). cDNA was then reverse-transcribed according to the methods described in a previous study. The mRNA expression was measured via qRT-PCR (SYBR Green method).39 The SYBR Green reagent was obtained from Solarbio Life Sciences (Beijing, China). The relative mRNA levels were normalized to GAPDH and calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method as described in a previous study.40 (link) The following primers were used in the present study: ROCK-1 (Forward: 5′-ACCTGTAACCCAAGGAGATGTG-3′, Reverse 5′-CACAATTGGCAGGAAAGTGG-3′), and Rac1 (Forward 5′-ATGCAGGCCATCAAGTGTGTGG-3′, Reverse: 5′-TTACAACAGCAGGCATTTTCTC-3′). The experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated three times with similar results.