Study data were collected from the electronic medical record system of PUMCH. Collected perioperative data were demographic variables including age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (14 (link)); baseline physical examination results including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body temperature; baseline laboratory results including complete blood count, liver and renal function tests, electrolyte test as well as a full set of endocrine tests.
Collected intraoperative data were preparation time, docking time, console time, total operative time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL) and intraoperative complications. The docking time was defined as the interval from the movement of the robotic cart to docking of the last canula to the corresponding arm. The console time was defined as the time from robot docking to robot undocking.
Collected postoperative data were pathology findings including tumor size, histology and margin status, postoperative physical examination results, postoperative laboratory results, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilator use, postoperative complications, time to first flatus and defecation, time to removal of urinary catheter and drainage tube, use of analgesics and antibiotics, length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission.
The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the CKD-EPI formula (15 (link)). Complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification system and grade III-IV complications were defined as major complications (16 (link)). Diagnosis and outcome measures of hormone-active tumors were assessed according to relevant consensus and guidelines (11 (link), 13 (link), 17 (link), 18 (link)).
The ergonomics were assessed by using the Subjective Mental Effort Questionnaire (SMEQ) and the Local Experienced Discomfort (LED) scale after each surgery by the surgical team (19 (link)). The SMEQ score ranges from 0 to 150 and lower scores indicated less mental effort. The LED scale evaluates user comfort with a score of 0 to 10 points and lower scores indicated less discomfort.
Collected intraoperative data were preparation time, docking time, console time, total operative time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL) and intraoperative complications. The docking time was defined as the interval from the movement of the robotic cart to docking of the last canula to the corresponding arm. The console time was defined as the time from robot docking to robot undocking.
Collected postoperative data were pathology findings including tumor size, histology and margin status, postoperative physical examination results, postoperative laboratory results, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilator use, postoperative complications, time to first flatus and defecation, time to removal of urinary catheter and drainage tube, use of analgesics and antibiotics, length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission.
The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the CKD-EPI formula (15 (link)). Complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification system and grade III-IV complications were defined as major complications (16 (link)). Diagnosis and outcome measures of hormone-active tumors were assessed according to relevant consensus and guidelines (11 (link), 13 (link), 17 (link), 18 (link)).
The ergonomics were assessed by using the Subjective Mental Effort Questionnaire (SMEQ) and the Local Experienced Discomfort (LED) scale after each surgery by the surgical team (19 (link)). The SMEQ score ranges from 0 to 150 and lower scores indicated less mental effort. The LED scale evaluates user comfort with a score of 0 to 10 points and lower scores indicated less discomfort.
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