To measure inflammatory changes and neurotransmitter levels in the gut, caecum tissues were washed in sterile saline and homogenised as described previously (Dénes et al., 2010 (link)). Samples were kept at −20 °C until processing. Protein concentrations calculated using a BCA assay (Pierce/Themo Fisher Scientific). Caecum homogenates were measured for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), RANTES (CCL5), KC (CXCL1), MMP-9, interleukin 6 (IL-6), ICAM-1, VCAM-1 (R & D Systems, UK), adrenaline and noradrenaline (Eagle Biosciences, NH, USA), substance P (R & D Systems, UK), and serotonin (Enzo, UK) according to the manufacturers protocol.
Free full text: Click here