Comprehensive Metabolomic Analysis of Serum Samples

Blood samples were collected by a physician in the fasting state before and after the 12-week intervention. Serum samples were used to blindly analyze serum metabolites at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus facility (Villejuif, France) using mass spectrometers coupled to multiple different liquid or gas phase chromatography methods. Bile acids metabolomics were obtained using a UHPLC/MS—RRLC 1260 system (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) coupled to a Triple Quadrupole 6410 (Agilent Technologies). Short chain fatty acids, oxylipin, and lipids metabolomics were assessed by a UHPLC/QUAD+—RRLC 1260 system (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) coupled to a 6500+ QTRAP (Sciex, Darmstadt, Germany). Polyamines metabolomics were quantified using a UHPLC/QQQ—RRLC 1260 system (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) coupled to a Triple Quadrupole 6410 (Agilent Technologies). Concerning the level of identification, for the targeted metabolomics it is identified (level 1, validated by standards injections on the Orbitrap, and multiple reaction monitoring MRM developments for the LCQQQ and GCQQQ), and for the metabolomic profiling it is putative. Intra batch correction was performed based on quality control pool and processed on R software. The details of each method were previously described [26 (link),27 (link)].