All experimental groups’ liver samples were homogenized in 9 mL of pH 7.4 PBS buffer after being weighed to 1 g. To obtain the supernatant, the liver homogenate was centrifuged (2500× g, 4 °C, 10 min). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), ethanol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), catalase (CAT), total protein (TP), and triglyceride (TG) in liver tissue were determined according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Shandong Biobase Biodustry, Jinan, China). The levels of hepatic CYP2E1; inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6); and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the manufacturer’s instructions (Jiangsu Meimian Industrial Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China) [33 (link),34 (link)].
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