C57BL/6J mice were trained to run for rewards in real and virtual environments29 (link) while recordings were obtained from MEC. Tetrode recordings were performed with a microdrive and headplate assembly that could be used interchangeably for navigation in a real two-dimensional (2D) arena and a virtual 1D track38 . Whole-cell recordings were obtained as described previously29 (link), while mice ran along virtual 1D tracks. Biocytin fills were used to recover cell morphology and determine soma location. A complete description of the methods is available as Supplementary Information.