For EMPIAR-10025 and EMPIAR-10096, the aligned and summed micrographs along with CTF estimates were taken directly from the public data release on EMPIAR. For EMPIAR-10028 and EMPIAR-10261, frames were aligned and summed without dose compensation using MotionCor238 . Whole micrograph CTF estimates provided with the public release were used for this dataset.
For the clustered protocadherin dataset (EMPIAR-10234), single particle micrographs were collected on a Titan Krios (Thermo Fisher Scientific) equipped with a K2 counting camera (Gatan, Inc.); the microscope was operated at 300 kV with a calibrated pixel size of 1.061 Å. 10 secs exposures were collected (40 frames/micrograph), for a total dose of 68 e2 with a defocus range of 1 to 4 μm. A total of 896 micrographs were collected using Leginon39 . Frames were aligned using MotionCor238 . 1,540 particles were picked manually using Appion Manual Picker23 (link) from 87 micrographs and used as a training dataset for Topaz.
The rabbit muscle aldolase dataset (EMPIAR-10215) was collected on a Titan Krios (Thermo Fisher Scientific) equipped with a K2 counting camera (Gatan, Inc.) in super-resolution mode; the microscope was operated at 300 kV with a calibrated super-resolution pixel size of 0.416 Å. 6 secs exposures were collected (30 frames/micrograph), for a total dose of 70.32 e2 with a defocus range of 1 to 2 μm. A total of 1,052 micrographs were collected using Leginon39 . Frames were aligned, Fourier binned by a factor of 2, and dose compensated using MotionCor238 . Whole-image CTF estimation was performed using CTFFIND440 .
The Toll receptor dataset was collected on a Titan Krios (Thermo Fisher Scientific) equipped with a K2 counting camera (Gatan, Inc.); the microscope was operated at 300 kV with a calibrated pixel size of 0.832 Å. 6 secs exposures were collected (40 frames/micrograph), for a total dose of 73.48 e-2 with a defocus range of 1.5 to 2.0 μm. A total of 9,323 micrographs were collected using Leginon. Frames were aligned using MotionCor238 . Whole-image CTF estimation was performed using CTFFIND440 .