RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 15μM Bay11-7082 (Cayman Chemical), an inhibitor of κB kinase phosphorylation, for 1 h to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, and then cells were further treated [27 (link)]. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 25μM LY294002 (Cayman Chemical), an inhibitor of PI3K activation [28 (link)], for 1 h, and cells were further treated. Inhibitors were administered prior to LPS and GYY4137 treatments; fresh media was applied following inhibition.
Free full text: Click here