Samples (50 g) from the each of the specified intestinal compartments – SI excluded since the compartment did not contain enough material – were collected into Falcon collection tubes (Falcon Conical Centrifuge Tubes, Tewsbury, MA), sealed and frozen and stored at − 20 °C until analysis.
Particle size was determined by wet sieving according to the method described by Vondran et al. [9 (link)]. Briefly, samples were thawed and soaked in beakers containing 1 L water overnight prior to sieving. Samples were passed through sieves of the following mesh sizes for 5 minutes: 8, 4, 2 and 1 mm. The material remaining on each sieve was dried at 60 °C for 12 hours, then cooled before weighing. The dry amount on each sieve was expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the total sample. The latter was calculated from the weight of the sampled faeces measured before and after drying. The fraction that washed through the finest sieve (< 1 mm) was calculated from the total sample weight minus the sum of the four sieve fractions.
Particle size was determined by wet sieving according to the method described by Vondran et al. [9 (link)]. Briefly, samples were thawed and soaked in beakers containing 1 L water overnight prior to sieving. Samples were passed through sieves of the following mesh sizes for 5 minutes: 8, 4, 2 and 1 mm. The material remaining on each sieve was dried at 60 °C for 12 hours, then cooled before weighing. The dry amount on each sieve was expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the total sample. The latter was calculated from the weight of the sampled faeces measured before and after drying. The fraction that washed through the finest sieve (< 1 mm) was calculated from the total sample weight minus the sum of the four sieve fractions.
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