The xCELLigence® DP system (ACEA Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA, distributed by OLS, Bremen, Germany) was employed for recording random cell migration of Panc1 cells. CIM plates-16 were prepared according to the instruction manual and previous descriptions [3 (link),14 (link)]. The underside of the upper chambers of the CIM plate-16 was coated with 30 μL of collagen I (400 μg/mL). In all assays, RPMI with 1% fetal bovine serum was present in both the upper and lower chambers of each well of a CIM plate-16. The upper chamber of each well was loaded with 50,000–60,000 cells immediately after the addition of 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 to the cell suspensions. Data acquisition was done at intervals of 15, 30, or 60 min and analyzed with RTCA software (ACEA).
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