Parkinson's Disease Medication-Based Categorization

PD cases were confirmed through specific PD reported medications according to the NHANES database. In this way, patients reporting the use of Benztropine, Carbidopa, Levodopa, Ropinirole, Methyldopa, Entacapone, Cabergoline, Orphenadrine and Pramipexole were categorized as PD cases [30 (link),31 (link)]. Then, we divided participants as PD cases according to secure PD medication (Benztropine, Carbidopa, Levodopa, Ropinirole, Methyldopa and Entacapone) [30 (link),31 (link)] and unsecure PD medication (Cabergoline, Orphenadrine and Pramipexole) [30 (link),31 (link),32 (link),33 (link),34 (link)]. The unsecure PD group was defined because Cabergoline is used to treat high levels of prolactin hormone [32 (link)], Orphenadrine is used to treat muscle spasms in musculoskeletal conditions [33 (link)] and Pramipexole is also used to treat restless legs syndrome (RLS) [34 (link)].

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Botelho J., Lyra P., Proença L., Godinho C., Mendes J.J, & Machado V. (2020). Relationship between Blood and Standard Biochemistry Levels with Periodontitis in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Data from the NHANES 2011–2012. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(3), 69.

Publication 2020

Benztropine Cabergoline Carbidopa Entacapone Hormone Levodopa Medication Methyldopa Muscle spasms Musculoskeletal conditions Orphenadrine Patients Pramipexole Prolactin Restless legs syndrome Ropinirole

Corresponding Organization : Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz

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Variable analysis

independent variables

PD medication use (Benztropine, Carbidopa, Levodopa, Ropinirole, Methyldopa, Entacapone, Cabergoline, Orphenadrine, Pramipexole)

dependent variables

Categorization of participants as PD cases

control variables

Not explicitly mentioned

controls

Positive control: Participants reporting the use of Benztropine, Carbidopa, Levodopa, Ropinirole, Methyldopa, and Entacapone were categorized as secure PD cases.
Negative control: Participants reporting the use of Cabergoline, Orphenadrine, and Pramipexole were categorized as unsecure PD cases, as these medications can be used to treat conditions other than Parkinson's disease.

Annotations

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