IFNγ ELISPOT (MABtech, Cincinnati, OH) assays were performed as per manufacturer instructions and previously described39 (link). Briefly, PBMCs and neutrophils were obtained from macaques as previously indicated and three cell suspensions were added to duplicate wells: neutrophils only (125,000 cells/well), PMBCs (125,000 cells per well) and neutrophils with PBMCs (1:1 ratio, total 250,000 cells per well). Cells were stimulated with CFP or a cocktail of M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 and 38.1 peptides as previously described8 (link) and incubated overnight at 37°C with 5% CO2. T cell viability after this treatment was experimentally confirmed and not found to be impaired by overnight co-culture with CFP-stimulated neutrophils. Plates were read with a CTL SPOT reader (Immunospot, Cleveland, OH) and analyzed for the number of spots per well, spot size, and signal intensity per spot.