Total RNA was extracted from the RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell with the use of an RNeasy Fibrous Tissue Mini-Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and subjected to reverse transcription (Wang et al., 2019 (link)). The resulting cDNA was subjected to a quantitative real-time polymerase reaction chain (RT-PCR) analysis with primers specific for CTSS, p22phox, p47phox, gp91phox with the use of an 7300 Plus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The transcription of targeted RNAs was normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA levels. The primer sequences are listed in Table 4.
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