LC-2/ad cells were obtained from Sigma (cat no. 94072247), TPC1 cells obtained from R.E. Schweppe (17 (link)); H2228 cells obtained from J.D. Minna. HCC78-TAER were previously described (18 (link)). Cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Invitrogen) with 10% FBS at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator. Fingerprint analysis of cell lines was performed bi-annually by the Molecular Biology Service Center at the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, CO to ensure authenticity. Alectinib was provided by Chugai Pharmaceuticals. Ponatinib, cabozantinib, trametinib, gefitinib, afatinib, and foretinib were obtained from Selleck Chemicals. Pervanadate was generated by incubating hydrogen peroxide with 100 mM sodium orthovanadate in distilled water. Antibodies used were as follows: pEGFR Y1068 (D7A5), pEGFR Y1173 (53A5), total RET (D3D8R), pERK1/2 XP T202/Y204 (D13.14.4E), total ERK1/2 (L34F12), pAKT S473 XP (D9E), total AKT (40D4), and pSHC1 Y239/Y240 (2434) from Cell Signaling; pTYR (4G10 Platinum), GAPDH (6C5) and GAPDH (ABS16) from Millipore; pRET Y1062, α-tubulin (TU-02) and NRAS (F155) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.