Brazilin (CAS no. 474-07-7; purity ≥98%) and chelerythrine (CAS no. 34316-15-9; purity ≥98%) were purchased from Wuhan ChemFaces Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Brazilin and chelerythrine were dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), and further diluted with culture medium until DMSO concentration was <0.1%. Five different drug concentrations of Brazilin (2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 µM) were given for 1 h prior to hypoxia stimulation. Cells were also pretreated with 1 µM chelerythrine for 1 h before Brazilin treatment in order to repress PKC activation, as described previously (22 (link)).