The protocol used for myocyte isolation is described in detail elsewhere18 (link). Briefly, animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and hearts rapidly removed via thoracotomy. The aorta was cannulated on a Langendorff apparatus fitted with a heating jacket circulating water at 37°C, and retrograde-perfused for 5 minutes at 8 ml/min with Tyrode’s solution. The perfusate was then switched to Tyrode’s solution containing collagen type 2 (Worthington) and protease type 14 (Sigma-Aldrich) for 7 minutes. The solution was switched to a modified Kraft-Bruhe (KB) buffer for 5 minutes. The left ventricle was minced and filtered (200μm) to yield single cells. Myocytes rested in KB buffer19 (link) for an hour before being placed in supplemented M199 ACCIT medium20 (link).