TLR agonists LPS (TLR4), R848 (TLR7/8) and Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2) (all from Invivogen, San Diego, California, USA) were used at a final concentration of 2 µg/mL, as described previously.77 (link) In addition to these TLR agonists, the following anti-inflammatory drugs were used in this study: IBF and BMS (both from Sigma-Aldrich). IBF was resuspended in sterile PBS, while BMS was initially resuspended in 100% ethanol before diluting 1:5 with sterile PBS, and both drugs were used at a final concentration of 1 µg/mL, which was the drug concentration previously optimized in anti-inflammatory drug titration experiments (data not shown).