Investigating Purinergic Signaling Mechanisms

RPMI 1640, penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco by Life Technologies (Waltham, MA, USA). ATP, BzATP, EDTA, lipopolysaccharides from E. coli O55:B5 (LPS; L2880), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Na gluconate, K gluconate, Lucifer yellow dilithium salt, 5 (6 (link))-carboxyfluorescein, cabenoxolone, tannic acid, 4,4’-Diisothiocyano-2,2’-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS), CaCCinh-A01 (A01), 5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB), nigericin, ionomycin, MCC950, and Melittin (MEL) were purchased from Millipore Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). MQAE, BAPTA-AM, YO-PRO-1, YOYO-1, pHrodo Red E. coli BioParticles Conjugate, and 35 mm Nunclon surface dishes were purchased from Invitrogen/ThermoFisher (Carlsbad, CA, USA). A804598, BX430, ¹⁰Panx inhibitory peptide, and Y-27632 were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN, USA). N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid (ACA), Bromoenol lactone (BEL), SB-203580 (SB), PP2, IAA-94, and Ac-YVAD-CMK (YVAD) were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA).