As reported previously [35 (link)], the Glucose Colorimetric Assay Kit (Sigma‐Aldrich, MAK263) and Lactate Assay Kit (BioVision, Palo Alto, CA, USA, K607‐100) were used to determine glucose uptake and lactate production according to the manufacturer's protocols, respectively. Briefly, 3–5 × 105 PDAC cells were seeded into 6‐well culture plates. Twenty‐four hours later, cell culture supernatants were collected after 24 h and subjected for analysis. The final level of glucose and lactate was normalized to total protein content as measured by the Pierce BCA Protein assay (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA).
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