All DNA oligonucleotides were synthesized
by the Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT; Coralville, IA). The radionucleotide
[γ-32P]ATP (6000 mCi/mmol) was purchased from MP
Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA). T4 polynucleotide kinase and deoxynucleoside
5′-triphosphates were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Pittsburgh,
PA). Micro Bio-Spin TM 6 Columns were purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules,
CA). All other chemicals were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Pittsburgh,
PA) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Purified human DNA polymerase
β (pol β) was purified following the procedures described
previously.54 (link),55 (link) The Klenow fragment was obtained
from New England Biolabs (Ipswitch, MA).