A combination of ketamine (75 mg/kg; Ketaminol Vet, Intervet International BV, AN Boxmeer, the Netherlands) and xylazine (10 mg/kg; Rompun Vet, Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen Germany) were IP administered to achieve surgical anaesthesia. Guide cannulas (26‐gauge; Plastics One, Roanoke, VA, USA) were implanted above the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) using coordinates adapted from Richard et al.35 The NTS cannula was implanted at the following coordinates: ±0.75 mm from the midline/on occipital suture/–4.9 mm, with the injector aimed 6.9 mm ventral to skull.