A fasting venous blood sample of 5 ml was obtained from each participant. A part sample of 2 ml was placed into a glass tube to perform biochemical assays, whereas another part sample of 3 ml was collected into an anticoagulant tube to extract deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The levels of serum HDL-C (Cholestest N HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, Cholestest LDL; Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), total cholesterol (TC, Tcho-1), TG (TG-LH), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and ApoB (RANDOX Laboratories Ltd., Ardmore, Diamond Road, Crumlin Co. Antrim, United Kingdom, BT29 4QY) in samples were determined using an autoanalyzer (Type 7170A; Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) in our Clinical Science Experiment Center (47 (link)).
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