Faecal and salivary samples were thawed on ice, aliquoted, and genomic DNA was extracted using the Qiagen Allprep PowerFecal DNA/RNA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Genomic DNA from pancreatic tumorous and non-tumoral tissue samples was extracted using the Qiagen DNeasy blood and tissue kit in a protocol modified from Del Castillo et al26 (link): cells were lysed mechanically (with 5 mm stainless steel beads at 25 Hz for 150 s), followed by lysozyme treatment (20 mg/mL) and protease and RNAse digestion (56°C for 2 h). All samples were randomly assigned to extraction batches. To account for potential bacterial contamination of extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing kits, we included negative controls (extraction blanks) with each tissue DNA extraction batch (online supplemental figure 1).
Free full text: Click here