These procedures were performed as described previously63 (link), 64 (link). Primers used in RT-qPCR are indicated in Supplementary Table 1. The miR-122, miR-16 (as internal control for vesicular miR-122), and U6 primers (as internal control for intracellular miR-122) were purchased from Qiagen. Determination of PKM isoforms was performed as described65 (link). Products of RT-PCR were digested with NcoI, PstI, or both enzymes, plus an uncut control, and separated on an agarose gel with Sybr safe. The presence of a PstI digestion site indicates the splicing isoform M2 whereas the NcoI site indicates isoform M1.