The activity of caspase-3 and PARP in HeLa, HEC-1-A, and KLE cancer cells were developed as previously reported (Zhang and Snyder, 1992 (link); Kang et al., 2012 (link)). Various siRNA sequences from the LKB1 RNA sequence were prepared utilizing a siRNA Construction kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA). After selection of two clones, the prepared sequences were then transfected with oligofectamine (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA) in accordance with supplier’s recommendation. TRIZOL Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to isolate whole RNA and reverse transcription (RT) PCR was then conducted. LKB1 expression was measured via western blot analysis.