In Vivo Light Stimulation Protocol

For in vivo light stimulation, light-pulse trains were generated via a laser stimulator (SEN-7103, Nihon Kohden, Japan) and output through an isolator (ss-102J, Nihon Kohden, Japan). A rotating optical joint (FRJ_FC-FC, Doric Lenses, Canada) was used to relieve torque and was attached to the external end of the optical fiber. For acute photostimulation, each stimulation epoch was applied 20 s after identifying a stable NREM or REM sleep event by real-time online EEG/EMG analysis. Light-pulse trains (5-ms duration each) were programmed and conducted during the light period, when mice are inactive. The cut-off line for stage transitions was 60 s after the laser was turned on. For chronic photostimulation, programmed light-pulse trains (5-ms pulses at 20 Hz, with 10-s on/ 20-s off for 120 cycles) were used from 09:00 to 10:00. EEG/EMG recordings during the same period on the previous day served as a baseline control. Power intensities of blue or yellow light at the tip of the optical fiber were calibrated to emit 3–7 mW [51 (link)].

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Li Y.D., Luo Y.J., Xu W., Ge J., Cherasse Y., Wang Y.Q., Lazarus M., Qu W.M, & Huang Z.L. (2020). Ventral pallidal GABAergic neurons control wakefulness associated with motivation through the ventral tegmental pathway. Molecular Psychiatry, 26(7), 2912-2928.

Publication 2020

SEN-7103 ss-102J FRJ_FC-FC

Emit Epoch Joint Lenses Light Light period Light stimulation Mice Pulses Rem sleep Stage transitions Torque

Corresponding Organization :

Other organizations : Fudan University, Tsukuba International University, University of Tsukuba

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Light stimulation
Light-pulse trains (5-ms duration each)

dependent variables

NREM sleep event
REM sleep event
EEG/EMG recordings

control variables

Stable NREM or REM sleep event identified by real-time online EEG/EMG analysis
Light-pulse trains programmed during the light period when mice are inactive
Power intensities of blue or yellow light at the tip of the optical fiber calibrated to emit 3–7 mW
EEG/EMG recordings during the same period on the previous day as a baseline control

positive controls

Not explicitly mentioned

negative controls

Not explicitly mentioned

Annotations

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