The specimens of surgically excised tumors were procured from the Guangzhou First People's Hospital situated in China. The patients included in this study had not undergone any form of treatment prior to surgery, thus ensuring the purity of the tissue samples and the integrity of our findings. The study protocol adhered strictly to the ethical guidelines set forth by the esteemed Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine at Sun Yat-Sen University. Moreover, prior to participating in the study, each patient provided informed consent.
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