Western blotting analysis was performed following a previously described method 20 (link). Briefly, cells were lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Sigma-Aldrich, #R0278) containing protease inhibitor (Sigma-Aldrich, P8340). Equal amounts of total proteins were loaded and resolved by SDS-PAGE gels, followed by transferring to a PVDF membrane, blocking with 5% milk, and probing with primary antibodies. The following primary antibodies were used: anti-CtBP1 (BD Bioscience, USA, #612042), anti-CtBP1 (phospho Ser422) (GeneTex, USA, #GTX55356), anti-CtBP2 (BD Bioscience, #612044), anti-HIPK2 (Cell Signaling, USA, #5091S), anti-BIM (Abcam, China, #ab170589), anti-BIK (Abcam, #ab52182), anti-BAX (Abcam, #ab3191), anti-NOXA (Abcam, #114C307), anti-CASP3 (Sigma-Aldrich, #C9598), anti-CASP7 (Sigma-Aldrich, #C1104), anti-CASP9 (Abcam, #ab184786), anti-p300 (Sigma-Aldrich, #P2859), anti-FOXO3a (Sigma-Aldrich, #V38041), and anti-GAPDH (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #MA5-15738-BTIN). The protein signals were visualized using an ECL detection kit (Sigma-Aldrich, #GERPN2109).
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