B cells were obtained either from Peyer’s patches of naïve mice or from the spleens of mice immunized with 100 μg NP(30 (link))-CGG (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl hapten, ratio = 30, chicken gamma globulin; Biosearch) in CFA for 2-4 weeks. Germinal center B cells were detected by staining with FITC-labeled anti-B220 (clone RA3-6B2) and Alexafluor647-labeled anti-GL7 (clone GL-7) antibodies (eBioscience). B220+GL7+ cells were isolated via flow cytometry, and DNA was prepared and amplified by nested PCR using JH4 intron primers as previously described (15 (link)). The PCR products were cloned and sequenced; only unique mutations were counted. Mutation spectra percentages were corrected for base composition of the amplified sequence.