The phospholipids 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9-Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (POPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (POPS), and Liss-Rhod-DOPE were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Cholesterol was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Sodium chloride, chloroform, 4-hydroxyethyl piperazine sulfonic acid (HEPES), hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and propranolol hydrochloride were of analytical grade and were purchased from Titan (Shanghai, China). Microscope coverslips (22 × 40 mm, no. 1.5) was supplied by Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). PDMS (Dow Corning Sylgard Silicone Elastomer-184) was provided from Krayden, Inc. (El Paso, TX). Purified water (18.25 mΩ cm) was produced from a Direct-pure UP Water System (RephiLe Bioscience, Ltd, China).