Metabolic Profiling of Mice on Diets

For simultaneous measurements of whole body metabolic rates, mice fed a ND or a HFD were housed individually in metabolic cages (Sable Systems International, Promethion high-definition behavioral phenotyping system) maintained on a 12 h:12 h light:dark cycle at 22 °C with free access to water and food. VO₂, VCO₂, RER, locomotor and ambulatory activity, as well as food/water intake were measured after at least 24 h acclimation. For C29 injections, mice were subjected to daily intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or C29 at ZT 10 and placed back in the metabolic cages. CalR^{59 (link)} (version 1.3) was used to generate hourly plots with gray squares denoting night periods.