Cyclodextrin-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis

α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC. HCl), 4-(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (HPAP), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Pluronic F127 (a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, or PEO-PPO-PEO) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Shanghai, China). Lecithin (refined) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Shanghai, China). 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀) and folic acid-conjugated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-3400 (DSPE-PEG₃₄₀₀-FA) were provided by Xi’an Ruixi Corporation (Xi’an, China). Cy5 free acid and Cy5-NHS ester were provided by Lumiprobe, LLC. (Hallandale Beach, FL, USA). LIVE/DEAD^® BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit (L7012) and SYTO 9 Green Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Stain were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were obtained from HyClone Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Streptomycin-penicillin solution was purchased from Solarbio Life Sciences Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and a Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit (S0038) were provided by Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).