Offgas analysis, biomass dry weight measurements, HPLC analysis of culture supernatants and correction for ethanol evaporation in bioreactor experiments were performed as previously described (Papapetridis et al.2016 (link)). Determination of optical density was performed at 660 nm using a Jenway 7200 spectrophotometer (Cole-Palmer, Staffordshire, UK). Yields of products and biomass-specific sugar uptake rates in bioreactor batch cultures were determined as previously described (Wisselink et al.2009 ; Papapetridis et al.2016 (link)). All values are represented as averages ± mean deviation of independent biological duplicate cultures.