Oral glucose tolerance tests followed concordant standardized operating procedures (SOP) in both studies [9] . Participants were asked to fast for ≥8 hours except for water (eg. from 22∶00 p.m.) and should not smoke or consume caffeine containing drinks, such as coffee and avoid sports before the examination. In SHIP-TREND and KORA F4, OGTTs were completed during morning hours. Fasting glucose was sampled, and 75 grams of anhydrous glucose (Dextro OGT; Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim Germany) was given to participants without known diabetes (SHIP-TREND: known diabetes or current use of glucose-lowering agents; KORA F4: current use of glucose-lowering agents or unknown (newly study-diagnosed) diabetes at baseline (S4), validated by a physician). Fasting glucose and 2 h postload glucose were measured using a hexokinase method. In SHIP-TREND, Dimension Vista by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (Eschborn, Germany) and in KORA F4, GLU flex by Dade Behring (Marburg, Germany) were used.
Participants with fasting glucose values <5.6 mmol/l (<100 mg/dl) and 2 h glucose <7.8 mmol/l (<140 mg/dl) were defined as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (5). Fasting glucose values ≥7.0 mmol/l (≥126 mg/dl) or 2 h glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l (≥200 mg/dl) were classified as unknown diabetes. Prediabetes was diagnosed if fasting glucose values ranged between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/l (100–125 mg/dl, i-IFG) and/or 2 h postload glucose values between 7.8 and 11.0 mmol/l (140–199 mg/dl, i-IGT). Participants were categorized to three groups of prediabetes (glucose disturbances): isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), and combined IFG and IGT (IFG+IGT).
Participants with fasting glucose values <5.6 mmol/l (<100 mg/dl) and 2 h glucose <7.8 mmol/l (<140 mg/dl) were defined as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (5). Fasting glucose values ≥7.0 mmol/l (≥126 mg/dl) or 2 h glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l (≥200 mg/dl) were classified as unknown diabetes. Prediabetes was diagnosed if fasting glucose values ranged between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/l (100–125 mg/dl, i-IFG) and/or 2 h postload glucose values between 7.8 and 11.0 mmol/l (140–199 mg/dl, i-IGT). Participants were categorized to three groups of prediabetes (glucose disturbances): isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), and combined IFG and IGT (IFG+IGT).
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