Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Renal Cancer

Paraffin-embedded sections of TMAs were deparaffinized and rehydrated, followed by tissue antigen repair. The antibodies against CD44, CD86, FN1, ITGAM, and ITGB2 were obtained from Abcam. Slides were then treated with polyperoxidase-conjugated IgG (OriGene). Staining was performed under a microscope with diaminobenzidine solution (Dako, USA) and counterstained with hematoxylin (Sigma Chemical Co., USA). The survival analyses of the top ten hub genes were performed using KIRC database (n = 530) in Kaplan–Meier plotter [17 (link)]. The protein expression of cell adhesion-related molecules in renal cancer and normal tissues was determined by IHC (n = 160). We also analyzed the relationship of cell adhesion-related molecules' expression with RCC clinicopathological traits and survival outcome.