Each patient received resting state fMRI scan as part of the routine presurgical workup. Scanning was performed on 3-T scanners (GE Healthcase, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) using an eight-channel head coil. For task based and rsfMRI, T2*-weighted images were acquired with a single-shot gradient echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence in the axial orientation (repetition time/echo time (TR/TE) = 2500/30 ms, flip angle = 80°, slice thickness = 4 mm, field-of-view (FOV) = 240 mm2, matrix = 64×64) covering the whole brain. Three-dimensional T1-weighted images were acquired with a spoiled gradient recalled sequence (TR/TE = 22/4 ms, matrix = 256 × 256 matrix, flip angle = 30°, slice thickness = 1.5 mm). For the resting state fMRI scan, patients were instructed to leave their eyes open, focus on looking at a crosshair, and not think about anything during the scan. A total of 160 volumes were acquired. Of the 51 patients included in the study, 40 also performed a silent word generation task in the same session as part of presurgical language mapping. The language tasks were used to determine language laterality (right dominant, left dominant or bihemispheric dominance) using methodology previously used in Dong et al. and was documented in the patients final presurgical mapping report18 (link).