Body weight and height was measured using portable electronic scales (SECA, Germany) and stadiometer (Holtain, UK). BMI (kg/m2) was categorized according to the WHO guidelines36 into underweight (BMI <18.5), normal weight (18.5≤ BMI <25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI <30) and obese (BMI ≥30). WC was measured at the smallest site between the lowest rib and the superior border of the iliac crest with flexible, non-stretchable measurement tape37 (link). WC was categorized as ‘normal’, ‘increased’ and ‘strongly increased’ according to international guidelines38 .
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