spa typing was performed according to Harmsen et al.9 (link) Nucleotide sequencing of the repeat-containing region of the spa gene was conducted on both DNA strands of the PCR product by GenoMed (St Louis, MO, USA), using BigDye Terminator Ready Reaction Cycle Sequencing Kit. The spa types were identified with Ridom StaphType software v.2.1.1 (Ridom GmbH, Münster, Germany),9 (link) and grouped using BURP, Ridom StaphType software. spa types were clustered if the cost between members of a given group was less than or equal to four. The BURP algorithm was used to assign spa types into spa clonal complexes (spa-CCs) with defined default parameters “exclude spa types shorter than five repeats” and “cluster spa types into the same group if cost distances are less than four”.10 (link) Since the results of spa typing and MLST are highly concordant,7 (link) the spa typing data could be easily mapped on the MLST types using SpaServer database (http://spaserver.ridom.de/).