Donor chondrocytes were isolated as previously described (Oseni et al. 2013 (link)). Chondrocytes (5 × 105/well) were obtained at passage 2 and cultured in ProNectin F-coated Bioflex six-well culture plates (Flexcell International) to 80% confluence (Liu et al. 2017 (link)). The chondrocytes were treated with 10 ng/ml of interleukin (IL)-1β in the culture medium for 12 h as per a previous study (Wu et al. 2020 (link)). Untreated chondrocytes were used as controls.
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