After the fracture model was successfully established, the mice in Group E were intraperitoneally injected with TNF-α (0.625 mg/mL/kg/day for 3 days; ab141406; Abcam, Cambridge, UK); the mice in Group F were intrathecally injected with PDTC (0.5 μg/10 μL/day; Sigma, GF314) until the end of experimental observation. Mice in Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D were injected with the same dose of normal saline [29 (link),30 (link)].
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