The morphology of TPNs/ICG-cRGD was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Titan G2-F20, FEI, USA). The size distribution and ζ potential were measured in ultra-pure water by using a Malvern zeta Sizer Nano series (Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments, UK). The UV-Vis spectra were detected by UV Spectrophotometer (UV-2450, Shimadzu, Japan). The infrared spectra of the nanoparticles were measured using an infrared spectrometer (Alpha, BRUKE, Germany) to confirm the successful conjugation of HS-mPEG or HS-PEG-cRGD. The grafting rate of HS-mPEG or HS-PEG-cRGD was detected by a sulfhydrylation kit [11 (link)]. The entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading rate (LR) of ICG were determined by UV Spectrophotometer [22 (link)]. The stability of TPNs/ICG-cRGD in various mediums was evaluated by monitoring changes in nanoparticle size.
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