Cells were grown in a 48-well culture plate in DMEM with 10% FBS containing antibiotics and then incubated with either DMSO vehicle or A. montana extract for 24 h. After incubation, the released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the culture supernatant was measured by the colorimetric LDH Cytotoxicity Assay (BioVision) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Smith et al., 2011 (link)).